Class #1 Sharia

Sharia (شريعة) refers to Islamic Law

Vocabulary:

Iqtilaf: difference of opinion

Mujtahid:

Maqasid:

Sharia is based on 4 sources (order of precedence)

1. From Quran القرآن
2. From Sunnah سنة
3. From Ijma (Consensus) إجماع
4. From Qiyas  (deductive reasoning) قياس

Further divided into two category

In the source:

• Clean Quote (Ijma)
• Ambiguious (Ijtihad) اجتهاد
• Linguistic
• Inteprtation

Not in the source:                                                                                 

• Ijtihad from the spirit of the law
• Qiyas from similar case in the source.  Ijtihad using Qiyas

Object of Sharia (in order)

1. Preservation of Life حفظ الناس
2. Preservation of Intellect حفظ عقل 
3. Preservation of Religion حفظ الدين
4. Preservation of Family/Lineage حفظ نسيب
5. Preservation of Property حفظ مال

Islamic jurisprudence فقه
Madhhab مذاهب  major schools
Hanafi حنفي : Empire (largest in geography wise)
Maliki  شافعي : Muslim spain semi empire
Shafi مالكي :  Most followed
Hanbali حنبلي : Only in few countries